This term is the source of some confusion. Some think that fingerpicking is a sort of arpeggio of the fingers of the right hand on the chords, using a classical wrist position for the right hand.
Others think of it as a typical American way to play, as in country or blues. As usual, the truth is in the middle.
In the following example, a typical combination of alternating basses played by the thumb on an arpeggio line of the other fingers of the right hand, in typical country style.
It's common to also use the pick in place of the thumb in a hybrid sort of picking. The same example as before can be seen immediately below with the lows played using the pick and the other with the fingers of the right hand.
Fingerstyle is defined as the way to play chords, melodies and bass all within a single guitar piece using the fingers of the right hand. This is one of the most difficult techniques to execute, as well as the harmonic knowledge that the guitarist must have to use this technique. The following example is a common jazz passage using a typical II°, V°, I° cadence.
Another ambiguous term for a technique used mostly in country and folk music on the acoustic guitar. The first example deals with playing alternate bass chords, in a typical country-style accompaniment.
In the second example we see how the term flatpicking refers to picking a melodic line. Many songs are composed only of this piece, even if it's contained within a rhythmic piece, as in the previous example.
Hammer-on is an ascending ligature between two notes. It connects two (or more) notes, playing the lowest and perfoming a movement that presses the following note so that it falls on the interested fret with a pressure that the string, striking the fret, vibrates. This system creates a homogeneous ligature between the two notes, where the first one remains more accented because of the picking and the second one is softer due to the hammer-on. In many cases this technique is combined to the pull-off. In the score the hammer-on is identified by a curved line that starts from the first note (the lowest). In some cases the letter h is used. You can practice the hammer-on in the ligature exercises.
Hybrid Picking is by definition a technique that uses the pick and the fingers of the right hand together. This type of technique has many possibilities. For example, it's possible to play chords, defining only some strings (ex. 1), calculating that the lowest string is played with the pick and therefore has a more clear and defined sound with respect to the notes played by the fingers of the right hand. It's possible to create single note melodic lines characterized by very large intervals between notes (ex. 2). It's also possible to perform chord arpeggios, or string slapping, stealing this technique from bass players. Finally, you can calibrate the sound and the tone by playing with the fingernails or with the fingertips of the right hand.
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